nginx on the server also answers on its own IP. A direct request with a fresh X-Forwarded-For each time got a new throttle identity every time and skipped every per-IP limit (OTP request/login, admin login): reproduced on the server 2026-10-13, 65 of 65 health requests with rotating XFF got 200. TrustedProxyMiddleware reads X-Real-IP (set by nginx from the TCP peer) and, when the peer is not in TRUSTED_PROXY_NETWORKS (default: ArvanCloud's published list), replaces XFF with the peer address. Logs a WARNING once an hour per untrusted peer that sent a proxied XFF, so a new Arvan range shows up. Also ignore the parallel test DB clones (.test-db_N.sqlite3). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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